Mantener seguros los productos sensibles a la temperatura durante el transporte no se trata solo de poner hielo en una caja, sino de elegir el refrigerante y el embalaje adecuados.. Dry ice bags and dry ice packs are now central to modern cold chain logistics because they provide ultra low temperatures without adding moisture. A medida que surgen nuevos materiales y sensores inteligentes, estas soluciones continúan evolucionando. En esta guía aprenderá cómo funcionan las bolsas y paquetes de hielo seco., por qué son cruciales para la alimentación, entregas de productos farmacéuticos y comercio electrónico, y ¿qué innovaciones están remodelando las operaciones de la cadena de frío en 2025.
Understand what dry ice bags and dry ice packs are – including how they’re made and why they’re different from traditional gel packs.
Comparar rendimiento, costo y sostenibilidad de hielo seco, paquetes de hielo seco premium, Ladrillos PCM y paquetes de gel.
Siga las pautas reglamentarias y de seguridad to package dry ice properly and avoid hazards.
Size and handle dry ice packs effectively using practical formulas and tips.
Explorar 2025 innovaciones y tendencias como sensores de IoT, blockchain traceability and portable cryogenic freezers.
What Are Dry Ice Bags and Dry Ice Packs?
bolsas de hielo seco are insulated shipping bags designed to hold dry ice or dry ice packs. They typically feature multiple layers of insulation and a leak proof outer shell to prevent condensation and CO₂ vapor from escaping. Paquetes de hielo seco, also called dry type ice packs, are portable refrigerant modules made from Polímero súper absorbente (SAVIA) and non woven or permeable films that absorb water, form a gel and then freeze. A diferencia del agua congelada, dry ice packs do not create melt water; en cambio, the gel inside slowly releases ultra cold temperatures as it sublimates.
Cómo funcionan las paquetes de hielo secos
Dry ice packs usually consist of three layers: un capa exterior of polyethylene or non woven fabric for strength and permeability, a SAP layer that absorbs water and forms a gel, y un leak proof composite film para evitar fugas. To activate a pack, you immerse it in water for several minutes until the SAP absorbs water and swells. Después de congelar, the gel slowly releases its stored cold energy. Because the packs remain somewhat flexible after freezing, they can conform to the shape of the products, mejorando la eficiencia de enfriamiento.
| Componente | Función | Beneficiarte para ti |
| capa exterior (PE or non woven) | Provides permeability and structural strength | Prevents tearing and allows CO₂ vapor to escape safely |
| SAP layer | Absorbs and locks in water to form a stable gel | Creates long lasting cold without melt water |
| Película a prueba de fugas | Adds a safety barrier to contain the gel | Minimizes risk of leaks during transport |
Dry Ice Bags vs Dry Ice Packs
Dry ice bags and dry ice packs complement each other but serve different purposes. El bolsa acts as the insulated container, often made from multi layer materials like high density polyethylene (HDPE) and reflective foil. It holds the refrigerant and cargo, preventing heat ingress. A bolsa de hielo seco is the refrigerant itself. Modern premium packs use HDPE or EVA shells around a PCM matrix and insulated liner to hold –78.5 °C for 72–120 horas, whereas ordinary dry ice typically lasts 24–48 horas. Because premium packs are reusable for 100–200 ciclos, they significantly reduce waste and total shipping cost.
Why Choose Dry Ice Bags and Packs for Cold Chain Shipping?
Superior Temperature Control and Flexibility
Traditional gel packs can become rigid when frozen, and their cooling performance degrades quickly. Dry ice packs remain flexible, allowing them to conform to products and maintain consistent temperatures. Son livianos y compactos, ahorrando espacio de almacenamiento. Premium designs leverage composite shells, PCM matrices and insulated liners, giving them five times longer hold time than single use gel or dry ice packs. Para vacunas y productos biológicos que requieren condiciones ultrafrías, dry ice packs can maintain –78,5 ºC for multiple days.
Safety and Environmental Friendliness
The base materials in dry ice packs—non toxic SAP and water—do not contaminate products, and any leakage poses minimal environmental risk. Premium packs integrate safety features such as enclosed shells that prevent direct contact with solid CO₂, reducing the risk of cold burns. Because they are reusable, premium packs cut packaging waste and carbon footprint; some solutions such as the Marken InfiniDI reduce dry ice use by 50 % y reducir el desperdicio hasta 90 %.
Cost Effectiveness and Reusability
Although dry ice has a low per shipment cost, it must be replenished for each use and is classified as hazardous. Premium dry ice packs require a higher upfront investment but can be reused dozens or even hundreds of times, lowering total cost per shipment. Compared with gel packs or –21 °C PCM bricks, premium packs provide longer hold times and more reuse cycles. Según una investigación de mercado, the global reusable icepacks market was alrededor $1.2 mil millones en 2023 y se espera que alcance $2.5 mil millones por 2032, driven by health, food and sustainability trends.
Consideraciones regulatorias y de seguridad
Peligros del hielo seco
El hielo seco es la forma sólida de dióxido de carbono. At approximately –110 °F (–78,5 ºC), se sublima directamente en gas, so it keeps products cold without creating liquid water. Sin embargo, dry ice itself is hazardous: it can cause frostbite on contact and can displace oxygen in confined spaces, leading to asphyxiation. Packages that don’t allow proper venting may explode from CO₂ buildup.
Regulations for Air and Ground Transport
El hielo seco está regulado como Y 1845 and classified as a Clase 9 Material Peligroso. Cuando se envía por aire, packages must comply with Instrucción de embalaje de IATA 954, include the proper shipping name, Número de la ONU, peso neto de hielo seco y Clase 9 etiqueta de peligro. Packaging must allow CO₂ gas to escape—sealed plastic bags or metal containers are prohibited. The maximum allowable amount of dry ice per package in air transport is 200 kilos. FedEx notes that plastic coolers must have openings to ensure ventilation and recommends using quality fiberboard, plastic or wooden boxes with polystyrene insulation.
En los Estados Unidos, dry ice is not regulated for ground transport if packaged correctly, but packages must still be marked with the shipper and recipient’s names and addresses, the proper shipping name and UN number. Training in dangerous goods regulations is required for anyone preparing dry ice shipments.
Best Practices for Safe Handling
Wear protective gloves and goggles when handling dry ice to prevent frostbite and eye injury.
Permitir ventilación: never place dry ice or dry ice packs inside sealed containers. Use insulated bags or boxes with vents.
Etiqueta claramente: mark packages with “Dry Ice” (o “Dióxido de carbono, Sólido"), el Y 1845 number and the net weight.
Do not overfill: sigue el 200 kg limit for air shipments and adjust the amount based on container size and duration.
Include instructions for crew: note in the airway bill that the package contains dry ice.
Dry Ice vs PCM vs Gel: Análisis comparativo
Dry ice isn’t the only refrigerant for cold chain shipments. Materiales de cambio de fase (PCM) y paquetes de gel offer alternatives. PCM packs absorb and release heat at predefined temperatures, típicamente entre +2 °C y –20 °C, and are reusable and non hazardous. Los paquetes de gel se congelan a 0 °C and provide chilled conditions. To help you choose, the following table compares typical hold time, ciclos de reutilización, temperature range and practical benefits:
| Tipo de refrigerante | Tiempo de espera típico (h) | Ciclos de reutilización | Rango de temperatura | Lo que significa para ti |
| Paquete de hielo seco premium | 72–120 | 100–200 | –78,5 ºC | Offers deep freeze integrity for multi day routes with lower total cost per shipment |
| Standard dry ice pack | 24–48 | 10–20 | –78,5 ºC | Suitable for overnight or two day shipments but generates more waste |
| –21 °C PCM brick | 24–72 | 12–24 | –21°C | Ideal for ice cream lanes or partial freeze shipments; manejo más fácil |
| 0 °C gel pack | 24–48 | 10–20 | 0 °C | Best for chilled goods; not suitable for deep frozen items |
| PCM reutilizable (2–8 ° C) | 48–96 | 50–100 | +2 °C a –20 °C | Offers stable temperatures with minimal regulatory burdens and reduced CO₂ emissions |
Consideraciones de costos y sostenibilidad
Dry ice is inexpensive per shipment but must be replaced each time and contributes to CO₂ emissions. Los EE. UU.. Department of Transportation and IATA classify it as hazardous, que requieren etiquetado y capacitación. PCMs and gel packs have higher upfront costs but are reusable and non hazardous, simplificando el cumplimiento. Premium dry ice packs bridge the gap: they still use dry ice but integrate PCM matrices and smart insulation to reduce sublimation by up to 30 %, extend hold time and cut re icing touch points.
Ejemplo del mundo real: A frozen meal brand switched from four small gel packs to two high mass premium dry ice packs. The change cut packing time by about 25 % and maintained –20 °C for 48 horas during July’s hot lanes. The longer hold time and reduced labor improved efficiency and reduced waste.
Sizing and Handling Dry Ice Packs: Consejos prácticos
Right Sizing the Refrigerant
For medium sized insulated shippers (20–30 litros), empezar con 5–7 lb (2.3–3,2 kilogramos) de hielo seco por 24 horas. Increase to 10–15 lb for 40–60 L boxes over 48 horas y 18–22 libras for 60–80 L boxes over 72 horas, adding insulation for hot routes. A simple formula from Tempk multiplies box volume by duration and applies multipliers for ambient conditions and insulation:
# Dry ice mass estimatordef estimate_dry_ice_mass(volume_liters, duration_hours, ambient=’moderate’, insulation=’good’):
“””Estimar la masa de hielo seco (lb) based on volume, duración, ambient temperature and insulation.”””
base_mass = 0.25 * volume_liters * (duration_hours / 24) # baseline for moderate ambient & buen aislamiento
ambient_multiplier = {‘cool’: 0.9, ‘moderate’: 1.0, ‘hot’: 1.35}[ambiente]
insulation_multiplier = {‘good’: 1.0, ‘better’: 0.8, ‘best’: 0.65}[aislamiento]
return round(base_mass * ambient_multiplier * insulation_multiplier, 1)
# Example usage:
required_mass = estimate_dry_ice_mass(volume_liters=40, duration_hours=48, ambient=’hot’, insulation=’better’)imprimir(F”Estimated dry ice mass: {required_mass} lb”)
Consejos de manejo
Pre chill products and liners to slow sublimation and maximize hold time.
Use spacers and airflow: leave space around the packs or surround the payload with dry ice to improve contact and airflow.
Aislamiento de capas: combine foil or vapor barriers with expanded polystyrene (EPS) o paneles aislados de vacío (VIP) to boost thermal resistance.
Adjust mass for weather: double the dry ice mass for hot lanes; add a 25–50 % buffer and validate with a data logger.
Validar con registradores de datos: insert temperature and humidity data loggers to ensure the shipment stays within required ranges.
2025 Innovations and Trends in Cold Chain Logistics
IoT Enabled Monitoring and Predictive Analytics
Cold chain monitoring solutions now use sensores, registradores de datos, GPS trackers and cloud platforms to provide real time temperature and humidity data. These systems send alerts when deviations occur, permitiendo acciones correctivas inmediatas y reduciendo el desperdicio. The market for cold chain monitoring was valued at Dólar estadounidense 5.3 mil millones en 2022 and is expected to llegar a USD 10.2 mil millones por 2026, creciendo en un CAGR de 16.6 %. Grand View Research estimates the market at Dólar estadounidense 35.03 mil millones en 2024 con un proyectado 23 % CAGR de 2025 a 2030, reflecting rapid adoption driven by regulations and IoT advances.
Blockchain para la trazabilidad
Blockchain technology creates a tamper proof ledger of shipment events, ensuring end to end traceability. Real time logs of temperature, humidity and travel time can be shared with stakeholders to enhance trust and compliance. This is particularly valuable for pharmaceuticals, where data integrity and IP protection are critical.
Almacenamiento en frío con energía solar
En regiones con electricidad poco confiable, unidades de almacenamiento en frío con energía solar provide sustainable solutions for temperature sensitive medicines. Solar installations can reduce energy costs—commercial solar rates range from 3.2 a 15.5 centavos por kWh, comparado con 13.10 centavos from utility grids. This helps bridge energy gaps in rural areas and lowers operating costs.
Smart Sensors and AI Driven Route Optimisation
IoT sensors with GPS functionality monitor temperature and location in real time. When unsafe temperatures are detected, the system automatically alerts operators via text or app notifications. Integrating artificial intelligence allows route optimisation based on real time traffic and weather data, Reducir los tiempos de tránsito y el riesgo de variaciones de temperatura.. Predictive analytics identify potential failures before they occur, further enhancing reliability.
Congeladores criogénicos portátiles
For biologics and cell therapies needing –80 °C a –150 °C, portable cryogenic freezers provide mobile ultra cold storage. These devices support last mile delivery of advanced therapies and represent an emerging segment of the cold chain equipment market.
Material and Design Innovation
Manufacturers are developing new absorbent materials and polymers that reduce dry ice loss by arriba a 30 %. Modular designs allow shippers to customise insulation thickness, lowering freight costs and emissions. Integrated IoT sensors and industry standards like AQUÍ HAY UN REGISTRO y GS1 EPCIS 2.0 enable connected packaging that shares sensor data end to end.
Preguntas frecuentes (Preguntas frecuentes)
Q1: What’s the difference between a dry ice bag and a dry ice pack?
Dry ice bags are insulated containers designed to hold refrigerants and products, while dry ice packs are the cold source itself. Packs contain SAP and freeze to provide cold without water.
Q2: ¿Cuánto duran las paquetes de hielo secos??
Standard dry ice packs maintain ultra cold temperatures for about 24–48 horas, whereas premium packs hold –78.5 °C for 72–120 horas y se puede reutilizar 100–200 veces.
Q3: Are dry ice packs safe for food shipping?
Sí. Dry ice packs use non toxic SAP and water and remain encased inside sealed shells, so any leakage poses little risk. Ensure packages allow venting and follow labeling rules.
Q4: What are the regulations for shipping dry ice?
El hielo seco está regulado como Y 1845, Clase 9. Air shipments must follow IATA Packing Instruction 954, include hazard labels and allow CO₂ to escape.
Q5: How do I dispose of dry ice packs?
Allow the pack to thaw and sublimate in a well ventilated area away from people and pets. Once empty, many premium packs are reusable; si no, dispose of them according to local hazardous waste guidelines.
Resumen y recomendaciones
Dry ice bags and dry ice packs are indispensable tools for maintaining the integrity of temperature sensitive shipments. Dry ice packs made with SAP and non woven films provide flexible, enfriamiento sin humedad, mientras premium packs combine composite shells, PCM matrices and insulated liners for hold times up to 120 horas. Compared with gel packs and standard PCM bricks, premium dry ice packs offer superior cold retention and reusability. Sin embargo, dry ice is hazardous and regulated; los paquetes deben ventilar CO₂, carry the Y 1845 etiqueta and follow IATA rules. Tecnologías emergentes como los sensores de IoT, blockchain traceability and AI route optimisation will continue to improve cold chain visibility and efficiency. For a cost effective, cadena de frío sostenible, choose reusable premium dry ice packs, monitor shipments with smart sensors and stay current with regulatory updates.
Siguientes pasos
Evaluar sus necesidades de envío: Determine the temperature range, shipment duration and regulatory requirements for your products.
Elija el refrigerante correcto: Use premium dry ice packs for deep freeze shipments, PCM for medium temperatures, and gel packs for chilled goods.
Implementar monitoreo: Invest in IoT enabled data loggers and sensors to track temperature, humedad y ubicación en tiempo real.
Entrena a tu equipo: Ensure staff preparing dry ice shipments complete the required hazardous materials training.
Contacta con expertos: Consult with cold chain specialists to customise insulation, packaging and routing strategies.
Acerca de Tempk
somos tempk, specialists in reusable cold chain packaging. Our product line includes paquetes de hielo seco premium, paquetes de gel, Ladrillos PCM, bolsas aisladas, y paneles aislados al vacío. We focus on sustainability—our reusable dry ice packs maintain ultra low temperatures for up to 120 hours and withstand 100–200 reuse cycles. Nos integramos sensores de iot for real time monitoring and work closely with logistics partners to optimise routes and reduce carbon emissions. Si envía vacunas, comidas gourmet o muestras de laboratorio, we’re here to help you design compliant, cost effective and eco friendly cold chain solutions.
Llamado a la acción: Listo para mejorar el embalaje de su cadena de frío? Reach out to Tempk’s experts for a custom consultation.
