Shipping frozen food isn’t as simple as tossing some ice into a box. To maintain quality and safety, you need the right cooling method. A Paket es kering untuk pengiriman frozen goods keeps products at temperatures below −10 °C by sublimating from solid carbon dioxide to gas. This guide helps you choose and use dry ice packs effectively, drawing on 2025 regulations and the latest innovations. Pada akhirnya, you’ll know how to size packs, pack boxes correctly and follow carrier rules.
How dry ice packs work and why they’re better than gel packs for frozen goods.
How much dry ice you need for different box sizes and routes.
Step by step instructions for packing and handling dry ice safely.
Differences between dry ice, gel packs and phase change materials and when to use each.
2025 trends in dry ice packs, including greener insulation and smart sensors.
How Do Dry Ice Packs Keep Frozen Goods Safe During Transit?
Menjawab: Dry ice packs consist of solid carbon dioxide stored in heavy duty plastic or non woven coverings. When exposed to warmer air, the solid CO₂ sublimates (turns directly into gas) at around −78.5 °C. This process absorbs heat from the surrounding products, keeping them below freezing. A vented insulated shipper allows the CO₂ gas to escape while the insulation slows heat gain. Because dry ice never melts, there’s no messy water, making it ideal for frozen meat, hidangan laut, ice cream and lab specimens.
Frozen E commerce Lanes: Es kering vs.. Gel and PCM
The table below summarises which cooling method works best for different temperature ranges and typical use cases. Dry ice delivers the lowest temperatures and outperforms gel packs on hold time per litre, especially during hot afternoon delays. Gel packs are safer for chilled goods that shouldn’t freeze, while phase change materials (PCMS) maintain specific ranges and are often reusable.
| Metode pendinginan | Kisaran suhu | Klasifikasi Bahaya | Reusability | Kasus Penggunaan Khas |
| Paket es kering | < −70 °C | Berbahaya (Dan 1845), memerlukan pelabelan | Sekali pakai; dapat dikombinasikan dengan paket gel | Biologi yang sangat beku, es krim, daging beku |
| Paket gel | 0 ° C ke 8 ° C. | Tidak berbahaya | Sekali pakai atau penggunaan kembali terbatas | Vaksin yang tidak boleh dibekukan, cokelat, produk segar |
| Paket PCM | 2 ° C ke 8 °C atau −20 °C | Tidak berbahaya | Dapat digunakan kembali | Farmasi, clinical trials requiring precise control |
Tips Praktis:
Top load first: Place dry ice packs above the product so cold air sinks naturally.
Ventilasi tutupnya: Jangan pernah menyegel CO₂; use a vented lid or crack to allow gas escape.
Kecilkan kekosongan: Minimise empty space with inserts to slow warm up.
Bungkus muatannya: Thin wraps prevent frost and keep cartons clean.
Test your lane: Use a low cost data logger to validate recipes before scaling.
Kasus nyata: A specialty seafood brand switched to top loaded dry ice packs and added a 15 % buffer for weekend delays. Their summer claim rate dropped from 6.4 % ke 1.9 % across three zones, while the unboxing experience remained consistent.
The Physics Behind Sublimation
Dry ice’s advantage lies in sublimation. When CO₂ transitions from solid to gas, it absorbs substantial heat—roughly 571 kJ/kg—without leaving liquid water. This absorption keeps nearby products frozen and removes humidity, menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. The extremely low temperature (−78,5 °C) allows hold times of 24–96 hours when combined with high R value insulation. For e commerce, the high heat sink per litre ensures goods stay frozen even during carrier reroutes or hub congestion.
| Fitur | Fungsi | Keuntungan |
| Inti yang sangat dingin (−78,5 °C) | Menjaga muatan di bawah titik beku | Waktu pelestarian lebih lama; suitable for vaccines, biologis dan makanan beku |
| Sublimasi (tidak ada cairan) | CO₂ padat berubah menjadi gas, menyerap panas | Mengurangi kontaminasi dan kerusakan kemasan |
| Lapisan luar yang tahan lama | Bahan berlapis-lapis menahan tusukan dan mengatur pelepasan gas | Prevents leaks and lowers risk of product damage |
| Desain ringan | Kepadatan lebih rendah dari es air | Menghemat ruang dan biaya pengiriman; more goods per shipment |
| Customisable shapes | Blok, pellets or sheets fit various containers | Fleksibilitas untuk paket, palet dan peralatan klinis |
User Tips and Suggestions
Short local deliveries: Use locally sourced dry ice packs for same day deliveries; they sublimate more slowly and reduce transport emissions.
Layered hybrid: For shoulder seasons, combine 70–85 % dry ice with a small −10 °C PCM to prevent over freezing.
Pantau pengiriman: Add a temperature logger or sensor to track conditions in real time.
Kasus aktual: A catering business delivering frozen appetisers across town used fresh local dry ice packs with insulated bags. Filling void space with crumpled paper and adding ~5 kg of dry ice maintained quality and avoided soggy packaging.
How Much Dry Ice Do You Need for Shipping Frozen Goods?
Menjawab: The quantity of dry ice depends on internal box volume, ambient temperatures and transit time. Untuk rute hangat (20–30 °C), rencana 1.1–1.5 kg of dry ice per 10 liter of internal volume per 24 jam. Menggunakan 0.8–1.0 kg untuk rute ringan (10–20 °C) Dan 1.5–1.9 kg untuk rute panas (30–40 °C). Add a 10–20 % buffer to account for delays.
Step by Step Method for Estimating Dry Ice
Ukur volume internal: Calculate length × width × height of the insulated space in litres.
Select route band: Identify whether your shipment travels through mild (10–20 °C), hangat (20–30 °C) atau panas (30–40 °C) kondisi.
Use the rate table: Multiply the chosen kg/10 L/24 h rate by the box volume and number of days.
Tambahkan penyangga: Increase by 10–20 % to cover unexpected delays.
Document the weight: Round up and record the net kilograms of dry ice on the label.
| Pita Rute | Profil Sekitar | kg per 10 L untuk 24 H | Apa artinya bagimu |
| Lembut | 10–20 °C | 0.8–1.0 kg | Beban panas yang lebih rendah; Sublimasi yang lebih lambat |
| Hangat | 20–30 °C | 1.1–1,5kg | Typical e commerce routes and afternoon peaks |
| Panas | 30–40 °C | 1.5–1.9 kg | Tinggal lama, sun exposed delivery and heat waves |
Contoh: A 24 L shipper on a warm route for 48 hours needs approximately 7.1 kg es kering. Mulailah dengan 1.3 kg × (24 L ÷ 10) × 2 days = 6.2 kg; lalu tambahkan a 15 % buffer to reach 7.1 kg.
Quantity Reference Table
Dry ice quantity also relates to payload weight. The table below provides an easy reference for a 10 lb (≈4.5 kg) muatan:
| Durasi Pengiriman | Es Kering yang Direkomendasikan | Contoh (10 lb Muatan) | Apa artinya bagimu |
| 24 jam (semalam) | 0.5 × berat muatan | ~5 pon es kering | Ideal untuk pengiriman lokal atau layanan kurir hari berikutnya |
| 48 jam | 1 × berat muatan | ~10 pon es kering | Cocok untuk pengiriman regional atau lintas negara |
| 72 jam+ | 1.5 × berat muatan | ~15 pon es kering | Diperlukan untuk pengiriman jarak jauh atau internasional |
Fine Tuning Without Complex Maths
Perlindungan tepi: If edges thaw before the core, add narrow strips of dry ice along the sides.
Kurangi kontak langsung: Place a thin corrugated shelf between dry ice and the payload to avoid brittle cartons.
Resep hibrida: Di musim bahu, use 70–85 % dry ice plus a PCM tile at −10 °C to smooth out temperature spikes.
Real world example: A seafood distributor replaced gel packs with heavy duty dry ice packs for 48 hour cross country deliveries. Using equal weight of dry ice and payload reduced spoilage from 12 % ke 1 % dan disimpan $50,000 setiap tahun.
How to Pack and Handle Dry Ice Packs Safely for Frozen Shipments
Menjawab: Safe packing and handling minimise hazards such as pressure build up, oxygen displacement and frostbite. A structured SOP ensures repeatability across your team and compliance with regulations.
Step by Step Packing SOP
Pre stage the box: Place a bottom pad and corner inserts to reduce air circulation.
Siapkan inti yang dibungkus: Wrap products in a thin protective layer and remove excess air.
Pas di bagian samping yang ketat: Insert side pads so the core doesn’t move.
Top load the packs: Break large dry ice blocks into smaller pieces and place them above the core.
Ventilasi dan label: Use a vented lid and mark “Dry Ice (Dan 1845)” with the net kilograms of CO₂.
Timbang dan catat: Catat berat kotornya, net CO₂ and packer ID.
Tes goyang terakhir: If the contents move, tambahkan dunnage ringan sampai pas.
Compliance and Safety Guidelines
Penamaan yang tepat: Label packages “Dry Ice” or “Carbon Dioxide, Solid” with the net weight and UN number (Dan 1845).
Ventilasi: Jangan pernah menyegel CO₂; use vented lids or gas paths.
Material compatibility: Choose liners and adhesives that tolerate −78.5 °C.
Dokumentasi: Air waybill harus mencantumkan es kering dan kuantitasnya.
PPE and training: Provide gloves and training for packers and receivers.
Avoid sealed containers: Don’t store dry ice in airtight freezers or coolers to prevent pressure explosions.
Protective gear: Kenakan sarung tangan terisolasi dan pelindung mata; contact with dry ice can cause frostbite in under 30 detik.
Safe Handling Checklist
Store CO₂ in ventilated areas—not in sealed rooms or car trunks.
Keep thermal gloves at the packing station.
Avoid airtight coolers; selalu melampiaskan tutupnya.
Instruct receivers to open packages in ventilated spaces and avoid skin contact.
Provide an emergency phone number on the label for questions during delivery.
Kasus aktual: A real seafood distributor printed a “Vent Before Opening” note inside the lid and added an emergency phone number. This simple step reduced receiver complaints and improved safety compliance.
Es kering vs.. Paket Gel vs. Phase Change Materials: Mana yang terbaik?
Different goods require different cooling strategies. Dry ice offers the coldest temperature, but gel packs and PCMs have their own strengths and are often non hazardous.
Comparative Table and Key Differences
| Metode pendinginan | Kontrol suhu | Bahaya & Pelabelan | Kelembaban | Dampak Lingkungan | Reusability |
| Paket es kering | Suhu sangat rendah (< −70 °C) | Berbahaya (Dan 1845); requires labeling and documentation | Sublimat menjadi gas, meninggalkan kemasan kering | Sublimation releases CO₂; no physical waste | Sekali pakai; dapat dikombinasikan dengan paket gel |
| Paket gel | Keeps goods chilled near 0 ° C. | Tidak berbahaya | Meleleh ke dalam air; may cause soggy packaging | Can have biodegradable exteriors; ada opsi yang dapat digunakan kembali | Often reusable or limited reuse |
| Paket PCM | Maintains specific ranges (MISALNYA., 2–8 °C or −20 °C) | Tidak berbahaya | No free liquid; phase change occurs at set temperature | High reusability; some PCMs have recyclable components | Reusable and suitable for pharmaceuticals |
Rekomendasi
Pengiriman beku (>72 jam): Gunakan paket es kering tugas berat. For extended durations, combine with gel packs to slow sublimation and maintain multiple temperature zones.
Pengiriman dingin (0–8 ° C.): Pilih paket gel; they’re cost effective and non hazardous.
Kebutuhan dingin atau dapat digunakan kembali dalam jumlah sedang: Use PCMs for pharmaceuticals and clinical trials; they offer precise control and can be reused.
Avoid freezing: When shipping chocolates or other goods that must not freeze, hindari es kering. Use gel packs and an insulated box to maintain 4–8 °C.
Petunjuk praktis: For mixed shipments containing frozen and chilled items, place a barrier inside the box and position dry ice only around the frozen goods while using gel packs for the chilled compartment.
2025 Trends in Dry Ice Packs and Frozen Shipping
Tinjauan Tren: Cold chain logistics is evolving rapidly. Di dalam 2025, dry ice packs continue to serve as the frozen benchmark, but there is a shift toward lighter boxes with higher R values, curbside friendly liners and smarter packing apps. Hybrid PCM strategies are growing for shoulder seasons and networks with CO₂ restrictions. The market also sees improved tracking and greener materials.
Sekilas Kemajuan Terbaru
Fiber reflective liners: Paper based insulation with micro reflective films narrows the performance gap with foam while improving recyclability.
Pencatat data mini di bawah $20: Affordable Bluetooth or NFC loggers help validate new shipping lanes before peak season.
Route aware kitting: Packing apps automatically choose mild, warm or hot recipes at the station based on weather forecasts.
Strategi hibrida: Combining dry ice with PCMs reduces overshoot and CO₂ usage.
Sustainability focus: Suppliers capture industrial CO₂ to make dry ice and offer biodegradable gel pack exteriors. PCMs are reusable and reduce waste.
Wawasan pasar
Brands that maintain frozen product quality see higher repeat purchase rates. A one point drop in claims can finance stronger dry ice recipes for the entire summer. By right sizing packaging and adjusting recipes seasonally, companies can reduce dry ice mass by 10–15 %. Hybrid solutions can cut CO₂ usage by ~10 % while smoothing temperature spikes. As competition intensifies in 2025, investing in better insulation and data logging pays dividends through fewer refunds and higher customer loyalty.
Pertanyaan yang sering diajukan
Q1: How long will dry ice keep my shipment frozen?
A: Untuk rute hangat, plan 1.1–1.5 kg of dry ice per 10 L untuk 24 jam; hot routes need 1.5–1.9 kg. Vent the lid and top load to avoid early warm ups.
Q2: Is air shipping allowed with dry ice?
A: Ya. Mark the package “Dry Ice (Dan 1845)” with net kilograms and follow airline and IATA rules. Air waybills must indicate the quantity, and carriers may require a contact number.
Q3: How many packs should I use in a 15 L box for 48 jam?
A: On a warm route, target about 3.5–4.2 kg total, split across smaller packs for even sublimation.
Q4: Bisakah saya mencampur es kering dengan kemasan gel?
A: Ya. A hybrid can reduce overshoot and stabilise fringe zones; place the gel below or beside the payload and keep dry ice on top.
Q5: What’s the safest way to dispose of leftover dry ice?
A: Biarkan sisa CO₂ menyublim di area yang berventilasi; jauhkan dari anak-anak dan hewan peliharaan. Jangan pernah menjebaknya dalam wadah tertutup atau saluran pembuangan.
Q6: Are there limits on the amount of dry ice?
A: Regulations limit dry ice to 200 kg per package for aircraft, with exemptions for packages under 2.5 kg (5.5 lb). Check your carrier’s rules for specific limits.
Q7: Apakah saya memerlukan pelatihan khusus untuk mengirimkan es kering?
A: Ya. Shippers must be trained and certified to prepare, package and document dry ice shipments. Protective packaging and documentation are required.
Ringkasan dan Rekomendasi
Keeping frozen goods intact during shipping requires the right coolant, careful sizing and adherence to safety rules. Paket es kering provide ultra cold temperatures that outlast gel packs and PCMs. To estimate quantity, use 0.8–1.9 kg per 10 L untuk 24 hours depending on route temperature and add a 10–20 % penyangga. Pack boxes following the SOP: wrap products, minimise void space, top load dry ice and vent the lid. Label packages properly and ensure your team uses gloves and safety training. Consider hybrid strategies or PCMs when goods must not freeze or when sustainability is a priority.
Langkah selanjutnya yang dapat ditindaklanjuti
Audit your packaging: Measure internal volumes and record route bands for each SKU. Create recipe cards indicating how many kilograms of dry ice to use per box.
Implement the SOP: Train staff on the step by step packing method. Place vented lids, labels and gloves at packing stations. Conduct regular shake tests.
Use a quick estimator: Develop a simple spreadsheet or calculator using the rate table to determine required dry ice. Test a few shipments with data loggers to validate hold times.
Right size and hybridise: Reduce internal void space by 10–15 %, adjust recipes seasonally and consider adding PCMs to cut CO₂ consumption.
Communicate with customers: Include a “Vent Before Opening” note and instructions for safe handling. Provide an emergency contact number for questions during delivery.
Tentang tempk
Tempk specialises in reusable and single use cold chain solutions for food, farmasi dan bioteknologi. We develop insulated boxes, gel packs and dry ice packs designed to meet 2025 regulations and sustainability goals. R&D focuses on high R value liners, eco friendly materials and integrated sensors. Dengan bermitra dengan Tempk, you gain access to tested recipes, technical support and customised packaging that keeps products safe while reducing environmental impact.
Panggilan untuk bertindak: For personalised guidance on selecting dry ice packs, contact our experts. We’ll help you design a cold chain solution tailored to your product and route.
