Dry Ice Packing Instruction (2025): A Practical, Compliant How‑To

Menggunakan kemasan ventilasi, tanda “Dry Ice”/“Carbon dioxide, padat" + Dan1845, menambahkan net dry ice mass in kg on the outer package, dan terapkan a Kelas 9 label bahaya (min 100×100 mm). Untuk udara, mengikuti IATA PI 954, respect the ≤ 200 kg per package topi, and include the dry‑ice line on the Di waybill (AWB):
UN 1845, Dry Ice, x packages × y kg (net per package) (no Shipper’s Declaration when cooling non -dg; carrier/state variations may apply).

USPS is different: domestic air mail ≤ 5 lb of dry ice per piece Dan requires a Shipper’s Declaration affixed; international mail with dry ice is prohibited.

1) What rules actually apply in 2025
2) Marks, Label, sizes—exactly what goes where
3) Berapa banyak es kering untuk digunakan (calculator & rules of thumb)
4) Step‑by‑step packout (PI 954‑aligned)
5) Carrier specifics: Fedex, UPS, USPS
6) Dry ice pack for shipping food (practical recipe)
7) Keamanan (Paparan co₂, ventilasi, pembuangan)
8) 2025 updates to watch
9) FAQ

1) What rules actually apply in 2025

Udara (global): IATA DGR PI 954 governs dry ice (Dan1845). It requires ventilasi kemasan, proper tanda & pelabelan, itu net dry‑ice mass in kg pada paket, Dan AWB information when a Shipper’s Declaration isn’t required (YAITU., dry ice used only as a refrigerant for non‑dangerous goods). Operators may impose variations and ask you to declare dry‑ice weight at booking.

KITA. (all modes / aircraft specifics): 49 CFR § 173.217 requires kemasan ventilasi Dan net mass (kg) on the outside untuk udara. Documentation for air transport of dry ice used only as refrigerant is generally handled on the AWB when no DGD is required.

USPS mail (postal network): USPS Packaging Instruction 9A caps udara mailpieces at ≤5lb es kering per piece, requires Kelas 9 pelabelan and markings, Dan requires a Shipper’s Declaration for air mail; international mail with dry ice is prohibited. (USPS surface mail rules differ.)

EU road (ADR): Dry ice used as a coolant is not subject to ADR beyond section 5.5.3 (asphyxiant‑gas provisions)—focus on vehicle ventilation and the package/vehicle markings that may apply in ventilation‑risk scenarios.

2) Marks, Label, sizes—exactly what goes where

On the outer package (udara):

Nama pengiriman yang tepat: "Es kering" atau “Karbon dioksida, padat"
Dan1845
Net mass of dry ice in kilograms (kg only)
Kelas 9 label bahaya, minimum 100 mm × 100 mm
Pengirim & consignee addresses (same panel when feasible)

Practical rules that stop rejections: Keep the Class 9 label clear (Jangan menulis di dalam berlian). Put Dan1845 Dan Kg net adjacent to the Class 9 when space allows. Use the AWB line for non‑DG cargo chilled by dry ice.

Why venting matters: Kemasan harus permit CO₂ release; sealed containers can rupture. That’s a requirement in 49 CFR § 173.217 and mirrored in carrier job aids.

Package quantity limits: Under PI 954, the typical maximum net dry ice per package is 200 kg (operators may set lower limits).

3) Berapa banyak es kering untuk digunakan (calculator & rules of thumb)

Engineering method (most accurate):
Dry ice absorbs ~571 kJ/kg on sublimation. Estimate your shipper’s heat gain (kJ/h), multiply by transit hours, then ÷ 571 to get kg of dry ice; menambahkan +20–30% buffer for handoffs or hot routes.

Rumus: Dry‑ice kg ≈ (Heat gain kJ/h × Hours) / 571, then × 1.2–1.3 (penyangga)
Source for enthalpy: NIST Chemistry WebBook.

Field rule of thumb (fast planning):
Plan on ~5–10 lb (2.3–4.5kg) per 24 jam di sebuah well‑insulated pengirim; blocks last longer than pellets. Start at the low end in VIP/thick EPS; menambahkan +25–50% for hot lanes (> 90 °F) or thin insulation.

Penempatan: Top‑load blocks and surround with pellets; cold gas wastafel, so top‑down cooling is efficient. (University and carrier guidance recommend top placement.)

4) Step‑by‑step packout (PI 954‑aligned)

Prasyarat: Freeze product; pre‑chill the shipper interior.
Choose vent‑capable insulation: EPS/EPP/VIP or validated systems; no airtight liners/lids.
Line & segregate: Poly liner/absorbent as needed; prevent direct dry ice contact with unpackaged food.
Memuat & position dry ice: Blocks on top, pellets around sides; stabilize voids to prevent shifting.
Close—but do not seal airtight: Tape outer carton but maintain vent paths.
Apply marks & Label: “Dry Ice/Carbon dioxide, padat,” Dan1845, Kg net, Kelas9 (100×100 mm).
Complete documents: For non‑DG cooled by dry ice, put the dry‑ice line on the AWB; check operator/state variations.
Tender & track: Ship early in the week; use data loggers for high‑value lanes.

5) Carrier specifics: Fedex, UPS, USPS

Fedex (udara): On paper airbills, check “Shipper’s Declaration NOT Required” (when dry ice only cools non‑DG). Use this AWB syntax:
UN 1845, Dry Ice, __ x __ kg (packages × net kg per package). Juga, Class 9 label must be ≥ 100×100 mm; don’t write inside the diamond.
UPS: Expect an acceptance audit. Tanda “Es kering/karbon dioksida, Padat" + Dan1845; keep packages ventilasi; UPS healthcare guidance echoes the 5–10lb/24h planning rule.
USPS mail: Domestic air: ≤5lb per milPiece + Kelas9 + required markings Dan A Shipper’s Declaration affixed. Internasional: prohibited.

6) Es kering pack for shipping food (practical recipe)

Target: Keep frozen foods below 0 °C for 48 H on 2‑day service.
Mulailah dengan: 10–20lb dry ice for a medium EPS (20–30 qt) pengirim (increase in summer or thin walls).
Method: Pre‑freeze goods, line with poly, muatan top dry ice blocks, fill side voids with pellets/foam, keep vent paths.
Pelabelan: “Dry Ice/Carbon dioxide, padat,” Dan1845, Kg net, Kelas9.

Want to target the keyword “dry ice pack for shipping food” more directly? Link this section to a deeper recipe page (internal hub) with packout photos and calculators.

7) Keamanan (Paparan co₂, ventilasi, pembuangan)

Batas paparan: OSHA PEL 5,000 ppm (8‑h TWA); STEL 30,000 ppm. NIOSH IDLH 40,000 ppm. Use ventilation and avoid confined spaces and vehicles without airflow.
Gas volume: ~250 L CO₂ per lb of dry ice—one reason airtight is a hard TIDAK.
APD: Insulated gloves and eye protection; Hindari kontak kulit langsung (frostbite risk).
Pembuangan: Let remaining dry ice sublime in ventilated areas; never in sinks/closed rooms (risk of pressure/CO₂ buildup).

8) 2025 updates to watch

Iata 2025 daftar periksa penerimaan: IATA published a 2025 Daftar Periksa Penerimaan Es Kering template; operators can request declared net dry ice at booking to manage aircraft CO₂ limits. Continue to check operator/state variations.
Core DGR edition: Itu 66th Edition (effective Jan 1, 2025) is in force; addenda may update checklist wording—stay current on the IATA site and your carrier job aids.

9) FAQ

Q1: Is there a hard maximum per package by air?
A: Commonly ≤200kg net dry ice per package under PI 954; carriers can impose lower limits or aircraft‑type caps. Always verify operator variations.

Q2: Apakah saya memerlukan deklarasi pengirim (DGD) untuk es kering?
A: Not when dry ice is hanya cooling Barang non -berbahaya in air cargo—use the AWB entry. If cooling dangerous goods, a DGD is required. Catatan: USPS Air Mail requires a DGD even for dry‑ice‑cooled non‑DG.

Q3: Pounds or kilograms on the box?
A: Kilogram are required on the outer package for air shipments (net dry ice mass).

Q4: What’s the most common labeling mistake?
A: Missing Kg net and undersized Kelas9 Label. Menggunakan 100 × 100 mm minimum; don’t write inside the diamond.