Shipping frozen or temperature sensitive goods poses a unique challenge: you must maintain an ultra cold environment while preventing melted water from damaging the cargo. A leak proof dry ice pack sheet solves both problems because dry ice sublimates directly into gas rather than liquid and the sheet’s multilayer design keeps that gas contained. In this guide you’ll discover how these sheets work, how much dry ice you really need, and what regulations apply when using them.
What makes leak proof dry ice pack sheets different from other coolants? Understanding their multilayer structure and sublimation properties helps you choose the right refrigerant.
How do you select the right size and weight for your shipment? A simple calculator and real world examples show you how much dry ice is needed to keep goods frozen.
What regulations govern shipping with dry ice? Learn about IATA, DOT and USPS limits—such as the 2.5 kg exception for air shipments and labeling requirements.
Are reusable PCM sheets better than traditional gel packs? Compare temperature ranges, environmental impact and reusability.
Which innovations will shape leak proof dry ice pack sheets in 2025 dan seterusnya? Jelajahi sensor IoT, sustainable materials and AI driven analytics that improve cold chain efficiency.
What sets leak proof dry ice pack sheets apart from other refrigerants?
Jawaban Langsung
Leak proof dry ice sheets provide ultra cold temperatures without water damage by combining solid CO₂ with a protective, multilayer pouch. Dry ice sublimates at around –78.5 °C and never melts into liquid, so the sheet stays dry. The outer layers include a tough polyethylene (PE) film and a breathable non woven fabric; di dalam, a super absorbent polymer (GETAH) locks in water during hydration and freezes to form a flexible ice layer. Saat es kering menyublim, CO₂ gas escapes through vents in the sheet, preventing pressure build up. This design means goods stay frozen and packaging remains intact, eliminating moisture related spoilage.
Lebih detailnya
In a traditional gel pack, the refrigerant is water based; when it melts it produces liquid that can seep through packaging. Sebaliknya, a leak proof dry ice sheet uses solid carbon dioxide sealed inside a multilayer pouch. The outer PE film and composite barrier provide puncture resistance, while the inner SAP layer absorbs hydration water and becomes a gel when frozen. Saat dimasukkan ke dalam freezer, the hydrated sheet turns into a solid, flexible pad. Because dry ice turns directly into gas as it warms, there is no meltwater; alih-alih, CO₂ escapes through venting channels. That venting also prevents pressure build up, which is why regulations require packages to be non airtight.
Key characteristics explained
| Characteristic | Leak proof dry ice sheet | Paket gel | Practical benefit |
| Kisaran suhu | –78,5 °C (sangat dingin) | 0 °C–10 °C | Keeps biologics, vaccines and seafood deeply frozen |
| Risiko bocor | Minimal—dry ice sublimates into gas and is contained by the pouch | Moderate—gel can leak if punctured | Prevents wet packages and product spoilage |
| Dampak Lingkungan | CO₂ is reused industrial gas; outer pouch can be recyclable; no toxic gel | Gel often contains polymers that are hard to dispose of | Easier disposal and lower carbon footprint |
| Reusability | Single use dry ice; pouch may be reused, but dry ice sublimates | Sekali pakai (gel degrades after one trip) | Encourages proper cold chain without repeated purchases |
| Status peraturan | Kelas 9 bahan berbahaya; requires marking and weight limits | Not hazardous; easier to ship | Must follow IATA/DOT rules but offers ultra cold performance |
Practical tips and examples
Pre hydrate and freeze: Soak the sheet in water for at least 15 minutes to fully activate the SAP layer, then freeze until solid. Ini memastikan kapasitas pendinginan maksimum.
Position correctly: Arrange sheets around the product or place them on top so cold air sinks; leave space for CO₂ gas to vent.
Gunakan isolasi yang tepat: Pair dry ice sheets with high quality insulated boxes or vacuum panel inserts to slow sublimation and extend holding time.
Studi kasus: A pharmaceutical distributor switched from gel packs to leak proof dry ice sheets and saw a 20 % pengurangan kunjungan suhu dan 15 % fewer packaging complaints. The dry sheet prevented moisture damage to labels and ensured vaccines stayed frozen during cross country shipments.
How do you select the right size and weight for your shipment?
Jawaban cepat
Choose the dry ice quantity based on shipment duration, cargo weight and required temperature range, using about 1–2 lb (0.5–1kg) of dry ice per 24 hour period for typical frozen foods and 5–10 lb (2.3–4.5 kg) per day for ultra cold pharmaceuticals. Start with a rule of thumb calculation, then adjust using data loggers and lane trials.
Explanation and examples
Estimate duration: Determine how long the shipment will be in transit. For each 24 hour period, allocate 5–10 lb of dry ice for deep frozen goods. For shorter trips or goods requiring temperatures just below freezing (–10 °C hingga –18 °C), 1–2 lb per day may suffice.
Calculate load: Multiply the per day estimate by the number of transit days and adjust for insulation and ambient temperature. Misalnya, a 48 hour shipment in a moderate climate might require 10–20 lb of dry ice plus a buffer.
Match pack size: Dry ice sheets come in different lengths and cell counts. Select a sheet that matches your cooler dimensions and weight allowance. Remember that carriers limit the net mass of dry ice: untuk pengiriman udara, packages must not exceed 5.5 lb (2.5 kg) of dry ice unless special arrangements are made; for cargo shipments by certain carriers, 200 kg limits apply.
Use a simple calculator: Start load = (5–10 lb × hours/24) × insulation factor × ambient factor + 5–10 lb buffer. Misalnya, shipping frozen seafood for 48 hours in a polystyrene cooler (insulation factor 1.0) pada 30 ° C. (ambient factor 1.2) yields roughly 17–34 lb of dry ice. Round up to the nearest whole sheet to stay safe.
Decision table for typical shipments
| Jenis pengiriman | Dry ice weight per 24 H | Kisaran suhu | Regulatory notes | Real world significance |
| Farmasi/Vaksin | 5–10 lb. (2.3–4.5 kg) | –20 °C hingga –70 °C | Must comply with IATA/DOT; 2.5 kg exception for air shipments | Ensures ultra cold conditions without damaging labels |
| Makanan Laut/Makanan Beku | 1–2 lb (0.5–1kg) | –18 °C hingga –20 °C | Mark “Food, Beku” dan “Es Kering, UN1845”; allow venting | Keeps seafood fresh and prevents water leakage |
| Sampel biotek | ~5 lb (2.3 kg) | –20 °C hingga –50 °C | Document chain of custody; ikuti batas operator | Maintains sample viability for research |
| Pengiriman Makanan | 2–3 lb (0.9–1,4kg) | –10 °C hingga –18 °C | Avoid freezing refrigerated items; label per food safety rules | Prevents food from thawing while avoiding freezer burn |
Practical advice and checklist
Calculate accurately: Use the above table and calculator to estimate dry ice quantity. Bila ragu, add an extra day’s worth of dry ice to account for delays.
Prep your container: Pre freeze the product to ≤–18 °C, line the cooler to prevent direct contact with dry ice, and top load if possible for improved temperature uniformity.
Beri label dengan jelas: Mark packages “Dry Ice” or “Carbon dioxide, padat (UN1845)” and indicate the net weight of dry ice.
Pantau saat transit: Use temperature data loggers and IoT sensors to track internal temperatures and make adjustments on repeat shipments. Many carriers now offer real time monitoring services.
Contoh kasus: A biotech firm shipping genetic samples internationally uses 5 lb of dry ice sheets for a 24 hour flight. They pack the samples in a ventilated fibreboard box, attach the UN1845 label and net weight, insert a temperature logger and inform the airline. Following these protocols ensures regulatory compliance and preserves sample integrity.
What regulations govern shipping with dry ice pack sheets?
Direct summary
Shipping with dry ice is tightly regulated. Packages must allow CO₂ gas to vent and cannot be sealed airtight. For most air shipments, ada 2.5 kg (5.5 lb) limit per package, as specified by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) dan AS. Departemen Transportasi. Packages must display a Class 9 hazard label and include the proper shipping name (Dry ice or Carbon dioxide, padat) dan sebuah 1845 nomor.
Penjelasan yang diperluas
DOT and e CFR: Title 49 CFR § 173.217 states that carbon dioxide, padat (es kering) used as a refrigerant must be packed in vented packaging and marked with the net weight and contents. Packages with ≤2,5kg (5.5 lb) of dry ice used to refrigerate contents are excepted from many hazardous materials requirements, provided they are correctly marked.
FAA & airline rules: The FAA’s PackSafe guidance echoes the same limit: each passenger may transport up to 2.5 kg of dry ice in carry on or checked baggage if the package allows for venting. Airlines also require the package to bear the “Dry Ice” label and weight.
Carrier variations: Some cargo carriers, such as American Airlines Cargo, enforce a 5.5 lb (2.5 kg) limit per piece for dry ice unless it accompanies medical shipments. When paired with medical commodities, there is no limit on dry ice, but the combined piece may not exceed 50 lb.
Federal Express and IATA: IATA’s Packing Instruction 954 tutup es kering di 200 kg per paket for general air cargo and requires vented packaging, a Shipper’s Declaration and proper labeling. FedEx similarly requires a Class 9 label and states that packages may not contain more than 200 kg of dry ice without special approval.
USPS: The Postal Service allows up to 5 lb of dry ice per mailpiece for domestic air shipments (Instruksi Pengemasan 9A) and prohibits dry ice in international mail.
Important compliance steps
Ventilasi: Never seal dry ice inside airtight containers; always allow CO₂ to escape.
Batasan berat badan: Stay within the 2.5 kg exception for most air shipments. If the package contains more dry ice, follow hazardous materials documentation and airline arrangements.
Tanda: Tempelkan Kelas 9 hazard label and mark the package with “Dry Ice” or “Carbon dioxide, padat,” the net weight of dry ice and the names and addresses of shipper and consignee.
Dokumentasi: For shipments solely containing dry ice and non hazardous goods, a Shipper’s Declaration may not be required. Namun, some carriers require an Air Waybill note referencing UN1845 and net mass.
Pelatihan: Anyone preparing dry ice shipments must be trained on hazardous materials regulations to avoid fines and rejected shipments.
Regulatory recap table
| Authority | Limit/requirement | Key citation | Practical takeaway |
| DOT (49 CFR 173.217) | ≤2.5 kg of dry ice per package is exempt if vented and labeled | Mark package with UN1845 and net weight; Ventilasi Kemasan | |
| FAA PackSafe | 2.5 kg per passenger in carry on/checked baggage | Must obtain airline approval; label package accordingly | |
| Ini pi 954 | ≤200 kg dry ice per package; venting required; AWB must list UN1845 and net kg | Larger shipments need shipper’s declaration and operator variations | |
| USPS (Instruksi Pengemasan 9A) | ≤5 lb dry ice per mailpiece for domestic air; prohibited internationally | Use only for domestic mail; follow labeling rules | |
| Carrier examples | American Airlines Cargo: 5.5 lb per piece; unlimited if paired with medical goods, but total piece ≤50 lb | Check carrier’s policy before shipping |
Are reusable PCM sheets better than gel packs or dry ice?
Jawaban singkat
Reusable phase change material (PCM) sheets can maintain temperatures between –20 °C and 5 °C hingga 72 hours and significantly reduce waste, but they cannot achieve the ultra low temperatures of dry ice. For shipments requiring deep freezing, dry ice sheets remain unmatched; for moderate temperatures and sustainability, PCMs are often the superior choice.
In depth comparison
Reusable dry ice packs integrate a PCM or reusable refrigerant with a high latent heat capacity into a durable casing. Berbeda dengan paket gel, PCMs are engineered to change phase (solid ↔ liquid) pada suhu tertentu (MISALNYA., –21 °C or 5 ° C.), releasing or absorbing heat to maintain a narrow temperature range. They are often biodegradable and can be refrozen hundreds of times, reducing packaging waste by up to 60 %. Paket gel, sebaliknya, are water based and may leak or sweat; they are usually single use and less eco friendly.
Here’s a comparative overview:
| Jenis pendingin | Kisaran suhu | Risiko bocor | Dampak Lingkungan | Reusability | Practical implication |
| Traditional gel packs | 0 °C–10 °C | Sedang; gel can leak | Polymers are hard to dispose of | Sekali pakai | Suitable for chilled products but not for freezing |
| Dry ice sheet | –78,5 °C | Minimal if vented | CO₂ is reused; packaging can be recycled | Sekali pakai (es kering); pouch may be reused | Ideal for deep freeze shipments such as vaccines and seafood |
| PCM sheet | –20 °C hingga 5 ° C. | Dapat diabaikan; materials don’t leak | Biodegradable PCMs reduce waste by 60 % | Sangat dapat digunakan kembali (≥500 cycles) | Good for refrigerated or lightly frozen goods; avoids hazardous labels |
Practical guidance
Match temperature needs: Use dry ice for shipments requiring deep freeze (MISALNYA., vaccines at –70 °C). Use PCM sheets for goods that need 2–8 °C (didinginkan) or –20 °C (frozen but not ultra cold).
Check latent heat capacity: Higher latent heat PCMs hold cold longer. Misalnya, a PCM sheet rated at –20 °C with high latent heat may maintain temperature for 72 hours versus only 48 hours for a lower density product.
Look for sustainability: Choose PCMs with biodegradable casings and FDA or EU MDR certifications; they reduce packaging waste by up to 60 % and are safer for end users.
Latih tim Anda: Reusable packs require proper cleaning, refreezing and handling; training can extend life beyond 500 siklus.
Real world insight: A meal kit company swapped disposable gel packs for biodegradable PCM sheets and reduced packaging waste by 60 %. Pairing PCMs with IoT sensors reduced temperature excursions by 25 % dan disimpan $5,000 per distribution facility annually.
What innovations will shape leak proof dry ice pack sheets in 2025 dan seterusnya?
Trend summary
The cold chain industry is rapidly adopting Kemasan Cerdas Dan bahan berkelanjutan. IoT sensors integrated into dry ice pack sheets provide real time temperature, data kelembaban dan lokasi, enabling proactive interventions when deviations occur. Sustainable materials—such as biodegradable PCMs and recyclable outer films—reduce waste and carbon emissions. AI driven analytics analyze sensor data to predict temperature excursions and optimize pack design, while customizable pack sizes and PCM formulations tailor solutions to specific temperature ranges.
Sekilas
IoT diaktifkan pemantauan: Embedded sensors send continuous temperature and location data, alerting shippers to potential issues before goods spoil.
Bahan berkelanjutan: Recyclable films and biodegradable PCMs cut emissions by up to 25 % and support circular economy goals.
AI driven analytics: Machine learning algorithms analyze shipping data to predict thermal excursions and optimize refrigerant loading.
Solusi khusus: Manufacturers offer bespoke sheet sizes and PCM formulations to meet specific temperature requirements.
Pertumbuhan pasar: The cold chain logistics market is projected to reach $500 miliar oleh 2025, and the cold chain refrigerants market is expected to grow from $2.01 miliar masuk 2025 ke $4.28 miliar oleh 2034 pada CAGR sebesar 7.7 %. Rising demand for biologics and fresh foods drives investment in smarter, more sustainable refrigerants.
Wawasan pasar
As demand for biologics, vaccines and online grocery deliveries continues to surge, businesses must balance temperature control, environmental impact and cost. Consumers are increasingly aware of sustainable packaging, and regulators are tightening waste and emissions standards. Companies that adopt smart, reusable dry ice or PCM solutions with integrated sensors will be better positioned to meet both consumer expectations and regulatory requirements.
Pertanyaan yang sering diajukan
Q1: How long do leak proof dry ice sheets keep items frozen?
A well hydrated and frozen sheet can keep items frozen for 24–72 jam, depending on the insulation and ambient temperature. Larger shipments or hotter environments may require additional sheets.
Q2: Can you reuse leak proof dry ice sheets?
The dry ice itself sublimates, so it cannot be reused. Namun, the outer pouch can often be refilled with water and refrozen; for frequent shipping, consider PCM sheets that can be reused hundreds of times.
Q3: Are dry ice sheets allowed on airplanes?
Ya, but airlines and the FAA limit each package to 2.5 kg (5.5 lb) of dry ice and require non airtight packaging. Packages must display “Dry Ice” and the net weight.
Q4: How do you dispose of used dry ice sheets?
Allow any remaining dry ice to sublimate in a well ventilated area away from people and animals. Then recycle or dispose of the outer pouch according to local regulations; many sheets use recyclable plastics.
Q5: Why might PCMs be preferred over dry ice?
PCMs maintain specific temperature ranges without hazardous labels or CO₂ release, membuatnya lebih mudah untuk dikirim secara internasional dan lebih berkelanjutan. They are ideal for products that need refrigerated (2–8 ° C.) or moderately frozen conditions.
Ringkasan dan Rekomendasi
Leak proof dry ice pack sheets are powerful tools for protecting temperature sensitive goods. Their multi layer construction prevents leaks, keeps products ultra cold and avoids water damage. To maximize performance:
Match the sheet size and dry ice quantity to your shipment. Use 1–2 lb per day for frozen foods and 5–10 lb per day for pharmaceuticals.
Ikuti peraturan. Keep packages ventilated, stay within the 2.5 kg per package exception for most air shipments and label properly.
Consider reusable alternatives. For shipments that don’t need –78 °C, PCM sheets provide long lasting cold with less waste.
Invest in smart technologies and sustainable materials. Sensor IoT, biodegradable PCMs and AI analytics will improve cold chain efficiency and compliance.
Langkah selanjutnya yang dapat ditindaklanjuti
Nilai persyaratan suhu produk Anda. Determine whether you need deep freeze conditions (es kering) or moderate refrigeration (PCM). Use the provided calculator to estimate refrigerant weight.
Pilih kemasan yang tepat. Select leak proof dry ice sheets sized to your cooler and pair them with high quality insulation. Ensure there is room for gas to vent.
Label dan dokumen. Mark packages with “Dry Ice” or “Carbon dioxide, padat,” including the UN1845 code and net weight. Prepare any required declarations.
Monitor shipments. Use data loggers or IoT sensors to validate temperature performance and refine your pack out. Review data after each shipment to optimize future loads.
Jelajahi opsi berkelanjutan. Contact suppliers about biodegradable PCMs and reusable sheets to reduce waste and improve environmental performance.
Tentang tempk
At Tempk we design advanced cold chain solutions that safeguard your products from origin to destination. Kita leak proof dry ice pack sheets, reusable PCM sheets Dan wadah terisolasi combine high performance materials with smart technology to maintain precise temperatures and reduce waste. We are committed to sustainability, offering biodegradable PCMs and recyclable packaging that cut emissions and decrease disposal costs. Partner with us to optimize your cold chain—contact our specialists for a tailored solution or request a free consultation today.
