Bahan perubahan fase (PCMS) dapat dibagi menjadi beberapa kategori berdasarkan komposisi kimianya dan karakteristik perubahan fase, masing -masing dengan keuntungan dan keterbatasan aplikasi tertentu. Bahan -bahan ini terutama termasuk PCM organik, PCM anorganik, PCM berbasis bio, dan PCM komposit. Di bawah ini adalah pengantar terperinci untuk karakteristik setiap jenis bahan perubahan fase:
1. Bahan perubahan fase organik
Organic phase change materials mainly include two types: parafin dan asam lemak.
-Parafin:
-Fitur: Stabilitas kimia tinggi, reusability yang baik, dan penyesuaian titik leleh yang mudah dengan mengubah panjang rantai molekul.
-Kerugian: Konduktivitas termal rendah, dan mungkin perlu untuk menambahkan bahan konduktif termal untuk meningkatkan kecepatan respons termal.
-Asam lemak:
-Fitur: Ini memiliki panas laten yang lebih tinggi daripada parafin dan cakupan titik leleh yang luas, Cocok untuk berbagai persyaratan suhu.
-Kerugian: Beberapa asam lemak dapat mengalami pemisahan fase dan lebih mahal dari parafin.
2. Inorganic phase change materials
Inorganic phase change materials include saline solutions and metal salts.
-Larutan air asin:
-Fitur: Good thermal stability, high latent heat, and low cost.
-Kerugian: Selama pembekuan, delamination may occur and it is corrosive, requiring container materials.
-Metal salts:
-Fitur: High phase transition temperature, suitable for high-temperature thermal energy storage.
-Kerugian: There are also corrosion issues and performance degradation may occur due to repeated melting and solidification.
3. Biobased phase change materials
Biobased phase change materials are PCMs extracted from nature or synthesized through biotechnology.
-Fitur:
-Environmentally friendly, biodegradable, free of harmful substances, meeting the needs of sustainable development.
-It can be extracted from plant or animal raw materials, such as vegetable oil and animal fat.
-Kerugian:
-There may be issues with high costs and source limitations.
-The thermal stability and thermal conductivity are lower than traditional PCMs, and may require modification or composite material support.
4. Composite phase change materials
Composite phase change materials combine PCMs with other materials (such as thermal conductive materials, support materials, dll.) to improve certain properties of existing PCMs.
-Fitur:
-By combining with high thermal conductivity materials, the thermal response speed and thermal stability can be significantly improved.
-Customization can be made to meet specific application requirements, such as enhancing mechanical strength or improving thermal stability.
-Kerugian:
-The preparation process may be complex and costly.
-Accurate material matching and processing techniques are required.
These phase change materials each have their unique advantages and application scenarios. The selection of the appropriate PCM type usually depends on the specific application’s temperature requirements, cost budget, environmental impact considerations, and expected service life. With the deepening of research and the development of technology, the development of phase change materials
The application scope is expected to further expand, especially in energy storage and temperature management.
