Saat Anda mengirimkan vaksin, makanan laut atau makanan penutup gourmet di seluruh Amerika Serikat, Paket es kering AS provide the ultra cold temperatures needed to keep products frozen. Es kering adalah karbon dioksida beku yang menyublim langsung menjadi gas alih-alih mencair, mempertahankan suhu sekitar −109 °F. Suhunya yang sangat dingin dapat membakar kulit dan menggantikan oksigen, jadi pengiriman harus mengikuti peraturan federal yang ketat. Dalam panduan ini Anda akan mempelajari cara kerja kantong es kering, berapa banyak es yang dibutuhkan, apa yang diberi label AS. Departemen Perhubungan memerlukan dan mengapa teknologi paket canggih mengubah logistik rantai dingin 2025.
Apa perbedaan paket es kering dengan paket gel atau air?
Peraturan federal apa yang berlaku saat mengirimkan paket es kering di A.S.?
Berapa banyak bungkus es kering yang dibutuhkan per 24 jam pengiriman?
Inovasi dan tren apa yang membentuk industri es kering 2025?
Di mana kantong es kering dapat dibeli dan bagaimana cara menyimpannya?
How Are USA Dry Ice Packs Different from Regular Ice Packs?
Es kering vs.. es air: Water based gel or ice packs melt into liquid; dry ice sublimates directly into carbon dioxide gas at about –109 °F (–78,5 °C), so it can keep goods much colder. Because dry ice is frozen gas, it cannot leak water and it produces little mess. Gel packs are unregulated, but dry ice is classified as a Class 9 Miscellaneous Dangerous Good and is subject to U.S. Peraturan DOT dan IATA. Dry ice also sublimates at a predictable rate of 5–10 pounds every 24 jam, so shipments must be planned carefully.
Understanding Sublimation and Hazards
Dry ice sublimation—the process where solid CO₂ turns directly into gas—causes two safety hazards: pressure build up and oxygen displacement. If dry ice is placed in a sealed or airtight container it can explode. Packaging must allow CO₂ gas to vent, and insulated gloves should always be worn to avoid frostbite. Saat es kering menyublim, Co₂ dapat menggantikan oksigen; Karena itu, shipments should be transported in well ventilated areas.
| Jenis Refrigeran | Hold time Range | Siklus kembali | Apa artinya ini bagi Anda |
| Paket gel standar | 12–24 jam | Sekali pakai | Good for short trips but cannot reach –40 °F or below. |
| Paket es kering standar | 24–72 jam | 5–10 kegunaan | Provide temperatures as low as –109 °F but require careful ventilation and labeling. |
| Paket es kering premium | 72–120 jam | 100–200 kegunaan | Engineered packs combine durable shells, matriks perubahan fasa dan liner berinsulasi; hold times are up to five times longer than standard packs. |
| Bahan perubahan fase (PCM) batu bata | 24–96 jam | 20–50 kegunaan | Maintain specific temperature ranges (MISALNYA., 2–8 ° C.) but cannot reach dry ice temperatures. |
Tips dan nasihat praktis
Use insulated containers with venting: Always place dry ice inside a Styrofoam cooler or ventilated insulated box to prevent pressure build up.
Hindari plastik rapuh: Use fiberboard, plastic or wooden boxes approved for dry ice; do not use plastics that can become brittle at low temperatures.
Double check your labels: Tandai kemasan dengan “Es Kering” atau “Karbon Dioksida, padat,” PBB 1845 number and the net weight in kilograms.
Plan for 5–10 lb per day: Dry ice sublimates at 5–10 pounds every 24 jam; carriers recommend adding extra for delays. Combine dry ice with gel packs for extended shipments.
Secure your cargo: Use absorbent material and secondary containment so samples stay in place as dry ice evaporates.
Kasus dunia nyata: A Seattle seafood company ships fresh salmon to Chicago. To maintain –80 °C for 48 jam, they pack 15 Es kering (7.5 pound per hari) with two gel packs for redundancy. They secure the fish with absorbent material and clearly label the box with “Dry Ice, UN 1845.” The package arrives on time, the fish stays frozen and the shipper avoids fines.
How to Comply With U.S. Regulations When Shipping Dry Ice Packs?
Dry ice is regulated by both the U.S. Departemen Transportasi (DOT) dan Asosiasi Transportasi Udara Internasional (Iata). When shipped by air or water it is treated as a dangerous good. Namun, the rules are manageable if you follow packing instruction 904 and other guidelines. Persyaratan utama meliputi:
Pengemasan dan Ventilasi
Vent your package: Carriers and regulators require packages to allow CO₂ gas to escape to prevent rupture. Use ventilated styrofoam shippers and do not place dry ice in sealed plastic bags or airtight coolers. Dry ice must never be stored in household freezers or refrigerators; use specially designed containers. KITA. universities advise purchasing dry ice as close to the time of use as possible because it sublimates at about 10% per hari.
Maximum weight: The net quantity of dry ice per package must not exceed 200 kg, and this weight must be marked on the box. University checklists remind shippers that packages with less than 200 kg of dry ice still require proper packaging and training. Untuk pengiriman dibawah 5.5 lb (2.5 kg), the DOT considers dry ice “materials of trade,” requiring fewer formalities.
Marking and Labeling Requirements
Regulations stipulate that every dry ice package must include:
Nama pengiriman dan nomor PBB yang benar: Tandai "es kering" atau "karbon dioksida, solid” along with “UN 1845” on the same surface as the hazard label.
Berat bersih: Display the net mass of dry ice in kilograms adjacent to the UN number.
Kelas 9 label bahaya: Setidaknya label berlian hitam dan putih 100 mm × 100 mm is required.
Sender and recipient information: Clearly print the shipper’s and consignee’s names and addresses on the box.
Air waybill information: Untuk pengiriman udara, the airbill must read “Dry Ice, 9, Dan 1845, jumlah paket × berat bersih”. A shipper’s declaration is only needed if the dry ice is refrigerating another dangerous good.
Training and Carrier Contracts
DOT and IATA regulations require that employees handling dry ice be trained in dangerous goods handling. Many carriers (MISALNYA., Fedex) offer seminars. Some carriers require contracts before accepting hazardous shipments. According to Pace University, UPS dan AS. Postal Service have restrictive policies for hazardous materials and often decline dry ice shipments. Sebaliknya, FedEx accepts dry ice for domestic and international service and provides special dry ice labels.
Carriers’ Rules Comparison
| Pembawa | Permitted Weight & Catatan | Apa yang Harus Anda Lakukan |
| Fedex | Accepts dry ice up to 200 kg per paket; kemasan yang tepat, labeling and training required. | Gunakan wadah berventilasi, Terapkan kelas 9 label and UN 1845 tanda, specify net weight. |
| UPS | Offers dry ice shipping but requires packages to list the dry ice weight and permit ventilation. UPS may require a Hazardous Material Support contract; check rules for each service. | Contact UPS Hazardous Material Support to confirm restrictions; label and vent accordingly. |
| USPS | Only allows domestic shipments; membatasi es kering hingga 5 lb for air transport. | Use ground service when possible; adhere to weight limit and labeling requirements. |
| Ground shipping (truk) | Dry ice is generally not regulated as hazardous for road transport. | Packages still need ventilation and marking; training is recommended. |
Internal Checklist
Confirm that packaging allows gas venting and is strong enough to withstand handling.
Ensure the container does not use brittle plastics and the outer box is undamaged.
List the exact weight of dry ice and number of packages on the airbill.
Affix hazard labels on two opposite sides of the box.
Complete dangerous goods training and check carrier specific agreements.
How Much Dry Ice Do You Need for USA Shipping?
Determining the right quantity of dry ice avoids product spoilage and wasted refrigerant. The sublimation rate depends on insulation quality, suhu luar, box size and the product’s thermal mass. Most carriers recommend 5–10 pon es kering per 24 jam. Pace University suggests 5–10 lb per day and adding extra for delays. The Tempk 48 hour guide notes that 8–10 lb of dry ice are required to sustain temperatures per day, and 10–20 lb for 48 hour shipments.
Formula ukuran
A simple sizing approach uses the rule of 7.5 LB/hari for standard insulation:
Mulailah dengan 7.5 LB/hari: Average sublimation for a well insulated corrugated shipper.
Menambahkan 2 LB/hari if using thin EPS insulation (<1.5 inci).
Mengurangi 1 LB/hari if using vacuum insulated panels or premium dry ice packs.
Menambahkan 2 LB/hari if shipping to or through warm climates or during summer.
Mengumpulkan: Always include at least 10% extra to cover unexpected delays.
Misalnya, pengiriman 5 lb of frozen steaks from Seattle to Miami in August might require 9.5 lb/day = 7.5 + 2 + 0 (premi) = 9.5 lb; rounding to 10 lb provides a safety margin. Combining dry ice with gel packs slows sublimation because gel packs stabilize the internal temperature.
Interactive Tools
To simplify planning, consider creating an online calculator where users input box dimensions, insulation type and transit time. The calculator returns a recommended dry ice quantity and suggests adding a phase change or gel pack for longer trips. Another useful tool is a shipping checklist that guides users through labeling and documentation steps.
Innovations and Trends Shaping USA Dry Ice Packs in 2025
Paket Es Kering Premium dan Konstruksi Multi Lapisan
Pelet es kering standar menyublim dengan cepat dan tidak dapat digunakan kembali. Di dalam 2025, paket es kering premium incorporate a rigid HDPE shell, matriks perubahan fasa untuk penyangga suhu dan lapisan uap terisolasi. These packs maintain ultra low temperatures around –78.5 °C (–109 ° F.) untuk 72–120 jam dan dapat digunakan kembali 100–200 kali. The multi layer construction reduces sublimation and provides longer hold times, sering five times longer than standard packs.
Sensor Cerdas dan Pemantauan Waktu Nyata
Sistem kantong es kering modern mengintegrasikan sensor suhu dan perangkat IoT. Smart shippers transmit real time temperature data via cellular or Bluetooth to ensure the cold chain remains intact. If a package exceeds the allowed range, peringatan memungkinkan operator untuk melakukan intervensi dengan cepat. Sensor equipped dry ice packs are essential for biologics and personalized medicine shipments where even slight temperature deviations can compromise efficacy.
Sumber CO₂ Berkelanjutan dan Pendinginan Hibrid
The dry ice industry faces supply constraints. Konsumsi meningkat 5 % per tahun while CO₂ supply expands only 0.5 %. Produsen beralih ke penangkapan CO₂ berbasis bio, using carbon generated from fermentation or industrial waste streams. Hybrid cooling strategies are also emerging: combining dry ice with gel packs or bahan perubahan fase (PCMS) reduces the amount of dry ice required. These strategies lower costs and improve sustainability.
Pertumbuhan Pasar dan Penggerak Permintaan
AS. pasar pengemasan rantai dingin dihargai USD 7.97 miliar masuk 2024 dan diperkirakan akan tumbuh pada a 15.6 % tingkat pertumbuhan tahunan gabungan (CAGR) dari 2025 ke 2030. This growth is driven by increased demand for processed foods, pengiriman bahan makanan e-commerce, vaksin dan biologi. Sementara itu, itu pasar es kering global dihargai pada USD 1.54 miliar masuk 2024 dan diperkirakan akan tercapai USD 2.73 miliar oleh 2032. This expansion puts pressure on CO₂ supplies and accelerates adoption of premium packs and hybrid refrigerants.
Ikhtisar Tren
IoT diaktifkan pemantauan: Real time temperature tracking ensures compliance and reduces spoilage.
Penangkapan CO₂ yang ramah lingkungan: Producers are developing dry ice from biogenic and waste CO₂.
Paket hibrida: Combining dry ice with gel packs or PCMs extends duration and reduces emissions.
Harmonisasi peraturan: Agencies are updating guidelines to streamline documentation for small shipments and harmonize ground and air transport rules.
Pertanyaan yang sering diajukan
Q1: Are dry ice packs allowed on airplanes in the U.S.?
Ya. Dry ice is permitted on aircraft provided it is properly packaged, berventilasi dan diberi label. Ikuti Instruksi Pengepakan IATA 904 and mark “Dry Ice, UN 1845” dengan berat bersih. A shipper’s declaration is unnecessary if dry ice is the only regulated material.
Q2: How long do USA dry ice packs last?
Standard packs last about 24–72 hours, but premium packs with multi layer construction can maintain –78.5 °C for 72–120 hours. Durasi sebenarnya tergantung pada isolasi, outside temperature and package size. Expect 5–10 lb of dry ice to sublimate per day.
Q3: Bagaimana cara menyimpan kantong es kering yang tidak terpakai?
Simpan es kering di tempat yang berventilasi baik di dalam wadah berinsulasi. Do not put it in a freezer or airtight cooler because gas build up can cause an explosion. Wear insulated gloves and keep dry ice away from children and pets.
Q4: Where can I buy dry ice packs in the USA?
Dry ice is available at industrial gas suppliers, grocery stores and specialized cold chain companies. Many providers offer premium reusable packs for high value shipments. Always purchase dry ice as close to the shipping date as possible since it sublimates at about 10 % per hari.
Q5: Is it safer to use gel packs instead of dry ice?
Gel packs are not regulated and are easier to handle, but they cannot reach the –80 °C temperatures required for certain pharmaceuticals and frozen foods. Dry ice packs are necessary when deep freeze temperatures are critical.
Ringkasan dan Rekomendasi
USA dry ice packs enable the long distance shipment of vaccines, seafood and other perishables by maintaining –80 °C environments. Dry ice sublimates at roughly 5–10 lb per day, so choose the right quantity and add extra for delays. Paket harus dibuang, labeled with “Dry Ice, UN 1845” and show net weight. Keep total dry ice under 200 kg and follow IATA PI 904 untuk pengiriman udara. Premium dry ice packs with multi layer designs extend hold times up to 120 jam dan dapat digunakan kembali 100–200 kali, mengurangi limbah. Combining dry ice with gel packs or PCMs offers longer duration and sustainability.
Rencana aksi
Nilai kiriman Anda: Determine required temperature (MISALNYA., Frozen vs.. sangat beku) dan waktu transit. Use the sizing formula to calculate dry ice quantity.
Pilih paket yang tepat: Untuk pengiriman lebih lama dari 48 hours or involving high value products, invest in premium reusable dry ice packs and consider adding gel packs for redundancy.
Prepare the package: Gunakan yang kokoh, ventilated insulated container, secure the contents with absorbent material, mark the box with “Dry Ice, UN 1845” dan sebutkan berat bersihnya.
Review carrier rules: Confirm your carrier’s limits and documentation requirements. Untuk pengiriman darat, rules are less strict but training is still recommended.
Pantau pengiriman: Incorporate temperature sensors or choose a logistics provider that offers real time monitoring. Respond quickly to alerts to maintain quality.
Tentang tempk
Tempk is a U.S. company specializing in cold chain packaging solutions. Kami berkembang paket es kering premium with multi layer designs that maintain deep freeze temperatures for 72–120 hours and can be reused up to 200 kali, reducing costs and environmental impact. Our engineering team integrates phase change materials and smart sensors to ensure consistent temperature and provide real time tracking. We also offer insulated shippers, gel packs and cooling calculators to help customers determine the right packout for their products.
Invitation to Act
If you need help selecting dry ice packs or designing a compliant shipping solution, konsultasikan dengan ahli kami. We can recommend pack sizes, provide training on labeling and documentation and suggest sustainable hybrid packouts. Contact us today to ensure your cold chain shipments arrive safely and maintain regulatory compliance.
